Future Tense
THE FUTURE TENSE. The future tense refers to events that are going to happen, or have not yet come to pass. The Sindarin 3rd person singular future tense is formed by adding the suffix -tha to the A-Stem. Bronia “endure” Broniatha “will endure” Dagra “make war”.
The future tense is a verb tense used for a future activity or a future state of being. For example:- I will jump in the lake. (This is a future activity.)
- I will be happy. (This is a future state of being.)
- Tense is nothing but a verb that explains the timing of the events along with the state and act. There are three types of tenses: Past, Present, and Future. Further, these tenses are classified into various other tenses. The present perfect tense is formed by Have/Has + Past Participle.
- Lesson 13 - Prepositions (part one) Lesson 14 - Prepositions (part two) Lesson 15 - 'In' and Nasal mutation Lesson 16 - Possessive pronouns Lesson 17 - Verbs (present tense) Lesson 18 - Verbs (past tense, parts 1-4) Lesson 19 - Verbs (past tense, parts 5-7) Lesson 20 - Verbs (future tense) Lesson 21 - Verbs (conditional) Lesson 22 - Irregular verbs.
- . The infinitive is formed with “–i”. This form may have been replaced by the Gerund in Sindarin. The present tense (3rd person) is formed by lengthening the stem vowel. The past tense (3rd person) is formed by either a nasal suffix, or infix to the stem. The future tense is.
- Complex just means that it has some irregular endings in the other tenses, which will be covered in the following lessons. The verb 'to rain' is a very good example of an irregular verb, and you will find them in Lesson 22. First, here are the endings for five useful verbs that are regular in the present tense: Mad - to eat (i stem).
- The Future Tense
Examples of the Types of Future Tense
The future tense is categorized further depending on whether the action will be in progress or will be completed (called the aspect of a verb). The four future tenses are:| The 4 Future Tenses | Examples | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| simple future tense |
| The simple future tense is used for an action that will occur in the future. |
| future progressive tense |
| The future progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will occur in the future. |
| future perfect tense |
| The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will have been completed at some point in the future. |
| future perfect progressive |
| The future perfect progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will be completed at some specified time in the future. |
A Video Summary
Here is a video summarizing this lesson on the future tense.More about the Simple Future Tense
Here is an infographic summarizing the simple future tense.
Examples of the Simple Future Tense
- I will play after breakfast.
- Susan will not go to Germany.
- What we achieve inwardly will change outer reality. (Greek biographer Plutarch)
- Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later. (Author Og Mandino)
- Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere. (Physicist Albert Einstein)
- Women and cats will do as they please, and men and dogs should relax and get used to the idea. (Robert A Heinlein)
- In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends. (Activist Martin Luther King Jr)
- Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. (Chinese philosophe Confucius) (Have to is known as a modal auxiliary verb. Like must, it is used to express obligation.)
- Happiness is your dentist telling you it won't hurt and then having him catch his hand in the drill. (Producer Johnny Carson) (Remember that won't is a contraction of will not and is often used to form the simple future tense.
- I won't be a rock star. I will be a legend. (Singer Freddie Mercury)
More about the Future Progressive Tense
Here is an infographic summarizing the future progressive tense.Examples of the Future Progressive Tense
- I will be playing for an hour.
- Will I be spending too much money if I buy the newer model?
- He will be fighting his way to the boxing championship.
- Always be nice to those younger than you because they are the ones who will be writing about you.
- In September, we will be enjoying all the fruit we planted last March.
- Those who are laughing now will be crying later.
- Soon I will be doing what I love again. (Guitarist Vinnie Vincent)
- I'll be performing at 80 years old. Music is like fashion - it changes. But some things will always be the same. (Singer Toni Braxton) (Remember that I'll is a contraction of I will.)
- Every breath you take. Every move you make. Every bond you break. Every step you take, I'll be watching you. (Singer Sting)
- She'll be coming around the mountain when she comes. (She'll is a contraction of she will.)
- She'll be riding six white horses when she comes.
- The next time you see a spider's web, please pause and look a little closer. You'll be seeing one of the most high-performance materials known to man. (Biologist Cheryl Hayashi) (You'll is a contraction of you will.)
- In my case, there's no revolving door. I won't be going back to government. (Politician Mary Schapiro) (Won't is a contraction of will not.)
More about the Future Perfect Tense
Here is an infographic summarizing the future perfect tense.Examples of the Future Perfect Tense
- I will have played by breakfast.
- By September, Jenny will have taken over that role.
- Will you have graduated by this time next year?
- I hope that, when I leave this planet, I will have touched a few people in a positive way. (Actor Will Rothhaar)
- The rain will not have stopped before the competition starts.
- You won't have sold a single car by tomorrow if you stay here. (Won't is a contraction of will not.)
More about the Future Perfect Progressive Tense
Here is an infographic summarizing the future perfect progressive tense.
Examples of the Future Perfect Progressive Tense
- I will have been playing for 2 hours by breakfast.
- By the time the boat arrives, they will have been living without proper food for two weeks.
- Shops that will have been running for three or two years by then will have to close down.
- They will have been driving for ten hours by the time they arrive in Scotland.
- If it rains again tomorrow, then it will have been raining for three days.
- He will be agitated when he arrives because he will have been working for ten hours.
- When you are promoted next year, how long will you have been working on the factory floor?
- You will not have been waiting for over an hour when the taxi arrives. That's not true.
20 Verbs (future Tense)sindarin Lessons Learned
Verb Tense Widget
Use this widget to learn about the different tenses. How do you use this widget? Well, if there's a button, a drop-down menu, or a , then you can click it!( verb)
Select the tenses.
Present Tenses
Present Tenses
20 Verbs (future Tense)sindarin Lessons Pdf
| Simple Present |
|---|
| The simple present tense is mostly used to describe facts and habits. |
| I base form you base form he/she/it 3rd pers sing present we base form you base form they base form |
20 Verbs (future Tense)sindarin Lessons Worksheets
| Present Progressive Tense |
|---|
| The present progressive tense is used for an ongoing action in the present. More...(opens new tab) |
| I am present participle you are present participle he/she/it is present participle we are present participle you are present participle they are present participle |
| Present Perfect Tense |
|---|
| The present perfect tense is used for actions that began in the past. (Often, the actions continue into the present.) |
| I have past participle you have past participle he/she/it has past participle we have past participle you have past participle they have past participle |
| Present Perfect Progressive Tense |
|---|
| The present perfect progressive tense is used for a continuous activity that began in the past and continues into the present, or a continuous activity that began in past but has now finished (usually very recently). More...(opens new tab) |
| I have been present participle you have been present participle he/she/it has been present participle we have been present participle you have been present participle they have been present participle |
Past Tenses
Past Tenses
| Simple Past |
|---|
| The simple past tense is used to describe a completed activity that happened in the past. |
| I past tense you past tense he/she/it past tense we past tense you past tense they past tense |
| Past Progressive Tense |
|---|
| The past progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing activity in the past. Often, it is used to set the scene for another action. More...(opens new tab) |
| I was present participle you were present participle he/she/it was present participle we were present participle you were present participle they were present participle |
| Past Perfect Tense |
|---|
| The past perfect tense is used to emphasize that an action was completed before another took place. |
| I had past participle you had past participle he/she/it had past participle we had past participle you had past participle they had past participle |
| Past Perfect Progressive Tense |
|---|
| The past perfect progressive tense is used to show that an ongoing action in the past has ended. More...(opens new tab) |
| I had been present participle you had been present participle he/she/it had been present participle we had been present participle you had been present participle they had been present participle |
Future Tenses
Future Tenses
| Simple Future |
|---|
| The simple future tense is used for an action that will occur in the future. |
| I will base form you will base form he/she/it will base form we will base form you will base form they will base form |
| Future Progressive Tense |
|---|
| The future progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will occur in the future. More...(opens new tab) |
| I will be present participle you will be present participle he/she/it will be present participle we will be present participle you will be present participle they will be present participle |
| Future Perfect Tense |
|---|
| The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will have been completed at some point in the future. |
| I will have past participle you will have past participle he/she/it will have past participle we will have past participle you will have past participle they will have past participle |
| Future Perfect Progressive Tense |
|---|
| The future perfect progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will be completed at some specified time in the future. More...(opens new tab) |
| I will have been present participle you will have been present participle he/she/it will have been present participle we will have been present participle you will have been present participle they will have been present participle |
Slider Showing All the Tenses
The following slider shows all 12 tenses. All the future tenses are highlighted with a yellow background.Interactive Exercise
Here are three randomly selected questions from a larger exercise, which can be edited, printed to create an exercise worksheet, or sent via email to friends or students.20 Verbs (future Tense)sindarin Lessons Lesson
- Do you disagree with something on this page?
- Did you spot a typo?
See Also
What are verbs?Past tensePresent tenseTry our drag-and-drop test on verb tensesTensesSimple past tensePast progressive tensePast perfect tensePast perfect progressive tenseSimple present tensePresent progressive tensePresent perfect tensePresent perfect progressive tenseSimple future tenseFuture progressive tenseFuture perfect tenseFuture perfect progressive tenseGlossary of grammatical termsIf you're trying to learn Icelandic Verbs you will find some useful resources including a course about Verbs in the present past and future tense... to help you with your Icelandic grammar. Try to concentrate on the lesson and notice the pattern that occurs each time the word changes its place. Also don't forget to check the rest of our other lessons listed on Learn Icelandic. Enjoy the rest of the lesson!
Icelandic Verbs
Learning the Icelandic Verbs displayed below is vital to the language. Icelandic verbs are words that convey action (bring, read, walk, run), or a state of being (exist, stand). In most languages a verb may agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object.
Grammar Tips:Icelandic verbs are strong or weak and have:
six tenses (present, preterite, perfect, pluperfect, future, future perfect)
three voices (active, middle, passive)
six moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, present participle, past participle, infinitive).
The basic form of the Icelandic verb is the infinitive. This is the form given in dictionaries. It almost always ends in an -a, and is commonly preceded by the small word að (to). Að hafa (to have), að gefa (to give).
Let's now conjugate a present verb in both indicative and subjunctive:
Indicative: Subjunctive:
Ég tek I take Ég taki
þú tekur you take þú takir
hann tekur he takes hann taki
við tökum we take við tökum
þið takið you take þið takið
þeir taka they take þeir taki
And now the past tense, using a different verb:
Indicative: Subjunctive:
Ég sagði I said Ég segði
þú sagðir you said þú segðir
hann sagði he said hann segði
við sögðum we said við segðum
þið sögðuð you said þið segðuð
þeir sögðu they said þeir segðu
Notes:
The subjunctive commonly has an -i- in its endings. It is used in dependent clauses.
First and second person plurals always have the same endings. (-um and -ð)
Strong verbs form the past by changing their root vowels. Compare ég tek (I take) with ég tók (I took).
Weak verbs add a special suffix to their stem, either a -t- or a -ð- (as in sag-ð-i above)
The future is either identical to the present or formed with the auxiliary verb munu. Ég mun fara (I will go), þú munt koma (you will come).
The future perfect is made with two auxiliary verbs. Ég mun hafa gert (I will have done). This is not common.
The past participle declines like a noun or adjectve. The masculine, feminine and neuter forms of the verbs gefa (give) and taka (take) are as follows:
Gefinn - gefin - gefið and tekinn - tekin - tekið.
The neuter form (gefið - tekið) along with the verb to have (hafa) is used to form the perfect and pluperfect tenses. Ex. Hann hefur tekið (he has taken), hún hafði farið (she had gone).
The present participle can easily be identified by its ending -andi. Gefandi (giving), takandi (taking). It does not decline.
The imperative has a singular and a plural form. The singular is most commonly formed by appending the pronoun þú (you) to the verb stem. The pronoun assimilates to make forms like farðu(go!) komdu (come!).
The plural imperative is identical to the present, e.g. takið (take!) komið (come!).
The passive is formed using the past participle and the verb 'to be' as an auxiliary.
Það var tekið (it was taken) bréfið er skrifað (the letter is written).
The middle voice can be recognized by its suffix -st. It is commonly used when the subject and the object are the same one. Við berjumst (we fight, i.e. we beat and are beaten). Ég klæðist (I put on clothes, i.e. I dress myself).
Here are some examples:
| English Verbs | Icelandic Verbs |
|---|---|
| Verbs | Sagnir |
| Past | þátíð |
| I spoke | Ég ræddi |
| I wrote | Ég skrifaði |
| I drove | ég ók |
| I loved | Ég elskaði |
| I gave | Ég gaf |
| I smiled | Ég brosti |
| I took | Ég tók |
| he spoke | hann talaði |
| he wrote | Hann skrifaði |
| he drove | hann ók |
| he loved | hann elskaði |
| he gave | Hann gaf |
| he smiled | Hann brosti |
| he took | Hann tók |
| we spoke | við töluðum |
| we wrote | við skrifuðum |
| we drove | Við keyrðum |
| we loved | við elskuðum |
| we gave | við gáfum |
| we smiled | við brostum |
| we took | við tókum |
| Future | framtíð |
| I will speak | Ég mun tala |
| I will write | Ég mun skrifa |
| I will drive | ég mun aka |
| I will love | Ég mun elska |
| I will give | Ég mun gefa |
| I will smile | Ég mun brosa |
| I will take | ég mun taka |
| he will speak | hann mun tala |
| he will write | hann mun skrifa |
| he will drive | hann mun aka |
| he will love | hann mun elska |
| he will give | hann mun gefa |
| he will smile | hann mun brosa |
| he will take | Hann mun taka |
| we will speak | Við munum tala |
| we will write | við munum skrifa |
| we will drive | Við munum keyra |
| we will love | Við munum elska |
| we will give | Við munum gefa |
| we will smile | við munum brosa |
| we will take | við munum taka |
| Present | nútíð |
| I speak | Ég tala |
| I write | Ég skrifa |
| I drive | ég ek |
| I love | Ég elska |
| I give | Ég gef |
| I smile | Ég brosi |
| I take | Ég tek |
| he speaks | Hann talar |
| he writes | Hann skrifar |
| he drives | hann ekur |
| he loves | Hann elskar |
| he gives | Hann gefur |
| he smiles | Hann brosir |
| he takes | Hann tekur |
| we speak | við tölum |
| we write | við skrifum |
| we drive | við keyrum |
| we love | við elskum |
| we give | við gefum |
| we smile | við brosum |
| we take | við tökum |
Notice the structure of the Verbs in Icelandic.
List of Verbs in Icelandic
Below is a list of the conjugated Verbs in the present past and future in Icelandic placed in a table. Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Icelandic vocabulary.
| English Verbs | Icelandic Verbs |
|---|---|
| I can accept that | Ég get samþykkt að |
| she added it | hún bætti við |
| we admit it | við viðurkennum að |
| they advised him | þeir ráðlögðu honum |
| I can agree with that | ég get verið sammála því |
| she allows it | hún leyfir það |
| we announce it | við tilkynnum það |
| I can apologize | ég get beðið afsökunar |
| she appears today | hún virðist í dag |
| they arranged that | þeir komu í kring |
| I can arrive tomorrow | Ég get komið á morgun |
| she can ask him | hún getur spurt hann |
| she attaches that | hún telur að |
| we attack them | við gerum árás á þá |
| they avoid her | þeir forðast hana |
| I can bake it | Ég get bakað það |
| she is like him | Hún er eins og hann |
| we beat it | við sláum það |
| they became happy | þeir/þær/þau urðu hamingjusamir |
| I can begin that | ég get byrjað á því |
| we borrowed money | við fengum lánaðan pening |
| they breathe air | þeir anda að sér lofti |
| I can bring it | ég get komið með það |
| I can build that | ég get byggt það |
| she buys food | hún kaupir mat |
| we calculate it | við reiknum það út |
| they carry it | þeir bera það |
| they don't cheat | þeir svindla ekki |
| she chooses him | hún kýs hann |
| we close it | við lokum því |
| he comes here | hann kemur hingað |
| I can compare that | ég get borið það saman |
| she competes with me | hún keppir við mig |
| we complain about it | við kvörtum yfir því |
| they continued reading | þeir héldu áfram að lesa |
| he cried about that | hann grét vegna þess |
| I can decide now | Ég get ákveðið núna |
| she described it to me | hún lýsti því fyrir mér |
| we disagree about it | við erum ósammála um það |
| they disappeared quickly | þeir hurfu hratt |
| I discovered that | Ég uppgötvaði að |
| she dislikes that | henni mislíkar það |
| we do it | við gerum það |
| they dream about it | þá dreymir um það |
| I earned | ég þénaði |
| he eats a lot | hann etur mikið |
| we enjoyed that | við nutum þess |
| they entered here | þeir komu inn hérna |
| he escaped that | hann slapp frá þessu |
| I can explain that | Ég get útskýrt það |
| she feels that too | henni finnst það líka |
| we fled from there | við flúðum héðan |
| they will fly tomorrow | þeir munu fljúga á morgun |
| I can follow you | ég get elt þig |
| she forgot me | hún gleymdi mér |
| we forgive him | við fyrirgáfum honum |
| I can give her that | ég get gefið henni það |
| she goes there | hún fer þangað |
| we greeted them | við heilsuðum þeim |
| I hate that | ég hata það |
| I can hear it | ég get heyrt í því |
| she imagine that | hún ímyndar sér það |
| we invited them | við buðum þeim |
| I know him | Ég þekki hann |
| she learned it | hún lærði það |
| we leave now | við förum núna |
| they lied about him | þeir/þær/þau lugu um hann |
| I can listen to that | Ég get hlustað á það |
| she lost that | hún missti það |
| we made it yesterday | Við gerðum það í gær |
| they met him | þau kynntust honum |
| I misspell that | ég stafa þetta vitlaust |
| I always pray | ég bið alltaf |
| she prefers that | hún kýs frekar |
| we protected them | við vernduðum þá |
| they will punish her | Þeir munu refsa henni |
| I can put it there | Ég get sett það þar |
| she will read it | Hún mun lesa það |
| we received that | við fengum þetta |
| they refuse to talk | þeir neita að tala |
| I remember that | Ég man að |
| she repeats that | Hún endurtekur að |
| we see it | við sjáum það |
| they sell it | þeir selja það |
| I sent that yesterday | ég sendi þetta í gær |
| he shaved his beard | hann rakaði af sér skeggið |
| it shrunk quickly | það minnkað hratt |
| we will sing it | Við munum syngja það |
| they sat there | þeir sátu þarna |
| I can speak it | Ég get talað það |
| she spends money | hún eyðir peningum |
| we suffered from that | við þjáðumst af þessu |
| they suggest that | þeir stinga upp á þessu |
| I surprised him | ég kom honum á óvart |
| she took that | hún tók þetta |
| we teach it | Við kennum það |
| they told us | þeir sögðu okkur |
| she thanked him | Hún þakkaði honum |
| I can think about it | ég get hugsað um það |
| she threw it | hún kastaði því |
| we understand that | við skiljum það |
| they want that | þeir vilja það |
| I can wear it | ég get gengið í því |
| she writes that | hún skrifaði það |
| we talk about it | Við tölum um það |
| they have it | þeir hafa það |
| I watched it | Ég horfði á það |
| I will talk about it | Ég mun tala um það |
| he bought that yesterday | hann keypti þetta í gær |
| we finished it | við lukum við það |
Verbs in the present past and future tense have a very important role in Icelandic. Once you're done with Icelandic Verbs, you might want to check the rest of our Icelandic lessons here: Learn Icelandic. Don't forget to bookmark this page.
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